C program to encrypt and decrypt the string

In this example, you will learn about C program to encrypt and decrypt the string using two algorithms i.e. Caesar Cypher and RSA.

Example: C program to encrypt and decrypt the string using Caesar Cypher Algorithm.

For encryption and decryption, we have used 3 as a key value.

While encrypting the given string, 3 is added to the ASCII value of the characters. Similarly, for decrypting the string, 3 is subtracted from the ASCII value of the characters to print an original string.

Let’s take a look at the program.

//Simple C program to encrypt and decrypt a string

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
   int i, x;
   char str[100];

   printf("\nPlease enter a string:\t");
   gets(str);

   printf("\nPlease choose following options:\n");
   printf("1 = Encrypt the string.\n");
   printf("2 = Decrypt the string.\n");
   scanf("%d", &x);

   //using switch case statements
   switch(x)
   {
   case 1:
      for(i = 0; (i < 100 && str[i] != '\0'); i++)
        str[i] = str[i] + 3; //the key for encryption is 3 that is added to ASCII value

      printf("\nEncrypted string: %s\n", str);
      break;

   case 2:
      for(i = 0; (i < 100 && str[i] != '\0'); i++)
        str[i] = str[i] - 3; //the key for encryption is 3 that is subtracted to ASCII value

      printf("\nDecrypted string: %s\n", str);
      break;

   default:
      printf("\nError\n");
   }
   return 0;
}

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Output

#Encryption

#Decryption

Explanation

In the above program, we have used simple logic for encrypting and decrypting a given string by simply adding and subtracting the particular key from ASCII value.

Example: C program to encrypt and decrypt the string using RSA algorithm.

RSA is another method for encrypting and decrypting the message. It involves public key and private key, where the public key is known to all and is used to encrypt the message whereas private key is only used to decrypt the encrypted message.

It has mainly 3 steps:

1: Creating Keys

• Select two large prime numbers x and y
• Compute n = x * y
  where n is the modulus of private and the public key
• Calculate totient function, ø (n) = (x − 1)(y − 1)
• Choose an integer e such that e is coprime to ø(n) and 1 < e < ø(n).
  e is the public key exponent used for encryption
• Now choose  d, so that d · e mod ø (n) = 1, i.e., >code>d is the multiplicative inverse of e in mod ø (n)

2: Encrypting Message

Messages are encrypted using the Public key generated and is known to all.

The public key is the function of both e and n i.e. {e,n}.

If M is the message(plain text), then ciphertext

C = M ^ n( mod n )

3: Decrypting Message

The private key is the function of both d and n i.e {d,n}.

If C is the encrypted ciphertext, then the plain decrypted text M is

M = C ^ d ( mod n )

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Here is an implementation of RSA in C program.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>

int x, y, n, t, i, flag;
long int e[50], d[50], temp[50], j, m[50], en[50];
char msg[100];
int prime(long int);
void encryption_key();
long int cd(long int);
void encrypt();
void decrypt();

int main()
{
  printf("\nENTER FIRST PRIME NUMBER\n");
  scanf("%d", &x);
  flag = prime(x);
  if(flag == 0)
  {
    printf("\nINVALID INPUT\n");
    exit(0);
  }
  printf("\nENTER SECOND PRIME NUMBER\n");
  scanf("%d", &y);
  flag = prime(y);
  if(flag == 0 || x == y)
  {
    printf("\nINVALID INPUT\n");
    exit(0);
  }
  printf("\nENTER MESSAGE OR STRING TO ENCRYPT\n");

  scanf("%s",msg);
  for(i = 0; msg[i] != NULL; i++)
    m[i] = msg[i];
  n = x * y;
  t = (x-1) * (y-1);
  encryption_key();
  printf("\nPOSSIBLE VALUES OF e AND d ARE\n");
  for(i = 0; i < j-1; i++)
    printf("\n%ld\t%ld", e[i], d[i]);
  encrypt();
  decrypt();
  return 0;
}
int prime(long int pr)
{
  int i;
  j = sqrt(pr);
  for(i = 2; i <= j; i++)
  {
   if(pr % i == 0)
     return 0;
  }
  return 1;
 }

//function to generate encryption key
void encryption_key()
{
  int k;
  k = 0;
  for(i = 2; i < t; i++)
  {
    if(t % i == 0)
     continue;
    flag = prime(i);
    if(flag == 1 && i != x && i != y)
    {
     e[k] = i;
     flag = cd(e[k]);
    if(flag > 0)
    {
     d[k] = flag;
     k++;
    }
   if(k == 99)
    break;
   }
 }
}
long int cd(long int a)
{
  long int k = 1;
  while(1)
  {
    k = k + t;
    if(k % a == 0)
     return(k / a);
  }
}

//function to encrypt the message
void encrypt()
{
  long int pt, ct, key = e[0], k, len;
  i = 0;
  len = strlen(msg);
  while(i != len)
  {
    pt = m[i];
    pt = pt - 96;
    k = 1;
    for(j = 0; j < key; j++)
    {
     k = k * pt;
     k = k % n;
    }
   temp[i] = k;
   ct = k + 96;
   en[i] = ct;
   i++;
  }
  en[i] = -1;
  printf("\n\nTHE ENCRYPTED MESSAGE IS\n");
  for(i = 0; en[i] != -1; i++)
    printf("%c", en[i]);
}

//function to decrypt the message
void decrypt()
{
  long int pt, ct, key = d[0], k;
  i = 0;
  while(en[i] != -1)
  {
    ct = temp[i];
    k = 1;
    for(j = 0; j < key; j++)
    {
      k = k * ct;
      k = k % n;
    }
   pt = k + 96;
   m[i] = pt;
   i++;
  }
  m[i] = -1;
  printf("\n\nTHE DECRYPTED MESSAGE IS\n");
  for(i = 0; m[i] != -1; i++)
   printf("%c", m[i]);
  printf("\n");
}

Output